Apache Cassandra is designed to handle large amounts of data across many commodity servers without any single point of failure. This architecture allows it to provide high availability and fault tolerance, making it an excellent choice for large-scale, mission-critical applications. Below, we’ll delve into the key components and architecture of Cassandra.
Key Components
- Nodes: Individual machines running Cassandra.
- Clusters: A collection of nodes that work together.
- Data Centers: Groupings of nodes within a cluster, typically corresponding to physical or logical locations.
- Keyspace: A namespace for tables, analogous to a database in SQL.
- Tables: Collections of rows, each row containing columns, similar to tables in an RDBMS.
- Commit Log: A log of all write operations, used for crash recovery.
- Memtable: An in-memory structure where data is first written.
- SSTable: Immutable on-disk storage files created from flushed Memtables.
- Bloom Filters: Probabilistic data structures that help determine whether an SSTable might contain a requested row.
Architecture Overview
Cluster Management
Cassandra’s cluster architecture ensures high availability and fault tolerance. The cluster is a set of nodes, and data is distributed among these nodes using consistent hashing. Key features include:
- Gossip Protocol: Nodes communicate with each other using a peer-to-peer gossip protocol to share state information.
- Snitches: Determine the relative distance between nodes to route requests efficiently.
- Replication: Data is replicated across multiple nodes. The replication strategy and factor determine how and where data is replicated.